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Nepal: Many opportunities to increase citrus production

Nepal is home to a great variety of citrus fruits, with many species of high commercial value fruit - mandarins, sweet orange (particularly Junar), lime, lemon and hill-lemon (Nibuwa) - are all found in abundance. Citrus fruits make up around 36 percent of the total fruit production and the mandarin orange is one of the most important in terms of acreage, production, consumption and export potential. 

Though it is grown in more than 50 districts, 39 mid-hill districts have the potential for commercial production. These districts occupy around 65 percent of the citrus fruit cultivation, contributing around 67 percent to total production.

Mandarin oranges now present a serious business opportunity for mid-hill districts and more than 300 sites have already been developed. Junar - an indigenous sweet orange - lime and hill lemon are other major citrus fruits. Rough lemon, pomelo, grapefruit, sour lemon, citron, sweet lime, calamondin and kumquat are grown on a small-scale.

According to myrepublica.com, there is a huge potential for increasing Nepalese citrus fruit productivity due to the wide gap between actual and attainable yields. Worldwide, citrus yield ranges from 50 to 90 tons/hectare. India and Pakistan often reach 20-30 t/ha. According to the National Citrus Development Program, citrus fruit yield in Nepal was 8.79 t/ha for 2015-2016. This can be increased to 15 t/ha simply by improving orchard management practices such as timely application of fertilizers, disease and pest management, tree pruning, mulching, irrigation, etc.
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