Global banana production threatened by panama disease
The Gros Michel banana originates from Asia and was exported during the 19th century. However most consumers have never tasted this variety of banana which was practically wiped out due to Panama disease (apart from some remaining plantations and it is still found in Thailand).
Producers on a global scale turned to the Cavendish banana (longer in size and a duller colour). This variety represents 47% of all bananas farmed worldwide - and almost the entirety of western importations. In some countries, such as Great Britain, it has become the most consumed fruit. In France it is 2nd place after apples (11.92 kg/capita/year according to Kantar Worldpanel).
TR4 originated in Indonesia and has spread to Africa (Mozambique) and the Middle East (Jordan). Indications suggest it has also reached South America - threatening important export countries such as Ecuador, Brazil and Colombia.
Total banana production exceeds 100 million tons. Most of it is farmed by small farmers for local or regional consumption. Export production is dominated by Chiquita, Dole, Del Monte and Fyffes, and reached a new record of 16.5 million tons in 2012.
Due to difficulty controlling the disease and risk to global supply, the FAO is asking for efforts to be made by the industry, research institutions, States, and international organisations in order to prevent the spread of Panama disease.