Pakistan, the sixth-largest mango producer in the world, grows more than 200 varieties but exports only about 10 percent of its annual 1.2 million tons. High costs and quality concerns continue to limit export growth. Farmers face challenges in meeting international standards, reducing competitiveness despite large production volumes. Authorities and industry leaders are calling for modernization to expand the sector's potential.
According to Khawar Nadeem, Manager at the Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Board, around 30 percent of mangoes are lost from the orchard to the consumer due to outdated farming practices. Conventional farms grow 40–60 trees per acre, while countries such as Australia and Egypt manage up to 600 trees per acre using high-density planting and advanced techniques. Modern orchards could increase yields and improve export quality.
Experts recommend adopting advanced technologies, including greenhouse systems and improved rootstocks. Dwarf varieties adapted to Pakistan's soils, combined with better nursery management, could help reduce contamination from pests and diseases. Genetic engineering is also cited as a means to enhance productivity and achieve consistent quality, enabling more mangoes to reach global markets.
Cost barriers remain a major issue. Dr Muhammad Zubair Iqbal, Vice Chancellor of Bahauddin Zakariya University, said electricity, gas, land, and registration fees are too high for most growers. He called for government support to reduce input costs and simplify registration processes, which could allow farmers to expand production and improve returns.
Quality standards are also emphasized. Experts urge government-backed measures to ensure that only premium fruit enters the export chain. Investments in juicing units, drying plants, packaging facilities, and training programs are considered necessary. Value addition through pulping, dehydration, and freeze-drying could triple export potential, moving the sector beyond raw fruit exports.
China has become a key market for Pakistan's mangoes. In 2023, exports to China reached more than 115,000 tons, valued at US$80 million. Cold chain logistics and modern preservation technologies have reduced transit times and spoilage. E-commerce platforms in China now sell more than 50 tons of Pakistani mangoes daily, with satisfaction rates above 98 percent, showing strong demand for high-quality fruit.
Industry leaders highlight the need for investment in modern machinery, storage, and packaging. Compact units with vacuum-sealed systems and efficient harvesting equipment can improve hygiene and shelf life. With these upgrades, Pakistan aims to double mango exports to China within five years and strengthen its position in other global markets.
Source: Daily Times
