Pakistan, the world's sixth-largest mango exporter, produces around 1.2 million tons annually but exports only 10% of its crop. Despite more than 200 varieties, high production costs and persistent quality issues continue to limit export growth.
Khawar Nadeem of the Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Board noted that up to 30% of mangoes are lost between the orchard and the consumer due to outdated practices. While Pakistani farms typically plant 40–60 trees per acre, countries such as Australia and Egypt cultivate up to 600 using high-density systems, improved rootstocks, and greenhouse setups. Nadeem highlighted the need for genetic engineering, dwarf rootstocks, and greenhouse-based nurseries to improve yields and resilience against pests and diseases.
Cost factors are another barrier, according to Dr. Muhammad Zubair Iqbal, Vice Chancellor of Bahauddin Zakariya University. "Electricity, gas, land, and registration fees are all too high. If we really want this industry to grow, input costs must come down, and registration processes should be eased." He also stressed that government-backed standards are required to ensure only premium fruit enters export channels.
Dr. Iqbal added, "Pakistan's mango sector remains largely raw-fruit focused, missing out on lucrative value-added opportunities. Juicing units, drying plants, packaging facilities, and industry training are essential. A full supply chain must connect producing regions with export ports." Nadeem agreed, pointing to the need for pulping, dehydration, and freeze-drying facilities. He said exports could be tripled by moving up the value chain.
In May 2025, the All Pakistan Fruit & Vegetable Exporters, Importers & Merchants Association launched its export season with a target of 125,000 tons worth about US$100 million. In 2023, mango exports to China reached 115,000 tons valued at US$80 million. Ambassador to China Khalil Hashmi stated the goal is to double exports to China within five years.
Cold-chain systems have reduced transit times by 50% and lowered spoilage, while Chinese preservation technologies are being adopted. On e-commerce platforms such as JD.com and Pinduoduo, daily peak sales exceeded 50 tons with high satisfaction levels, according to the China Fruit Marketing Association.
Dr. Iqbal also sees potential in compact processing units and improved packaging. Muhammad Riaz of Al Rafique Enterprises called for more bilateral meetings and the promotion of processed mango products.
Looking forward, Zhang Qingfeng suggested aligning phytosanitary standards with China, attracting Chinese investment in mango industrial parks, and branding Pakistani mangoes under the "Belt and Road Premium Agricultural Products" program to complement Hainan's production for year-round supply.
Source: China Economic Net
