Europe's export volumes to Russia were substantial, although the total volumes and revenue generated by each EU country differed greatly. Slovenia's exports were virtually non-existent, whereas Poland shipped nearly a million tonnes. Today, an overview of the total export values and volumes of different EU countries.
Volumes
The Big Five of the largest EU exporters to Russia in terms of volume are Poland, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium and Greece. Polish exports have almost doubled since 2011, from 460,566 tonnes to 976 595 tonnes in 2013. Spanish exports also grew compared to 2011, reaching 412,071 tonnes, although incidentally, this is a decrease compared to the volume registered in 2012. The same goes for Greek exports; following a peak in 2012 of 157,996 tonnes, last year the volume dropped to 139,904 tonnes. Compared to 2011, this is however an increase. Exports from the Netherlands and Belgium have declined since 2011, down to 254,991 and 154,560 tonnes, respectively. Overall, exports from the Netherlands have increased compared to 2012.
Unlike the clear trends of Poland and Belgium since 2011, the other members of the top 5 show a more erratic picture, with volumes changing year after year. Outside of the Big Five, Italy, France, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Austria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Slovakia and Slovenia have all registered downward trends. Besides Poland, the only country showing a growing trend is Great Britain.
Revenue
In terms of revenue, the picture is very different. The Big Five consists of the same countries: Poland, Spain, the Netherlands, Greece and Belgium, with the latter two swapping places. This entails that the Greeks earn more, but export fewer volumes than the Belgians.
Polish revenue has nearly doubled since 2011; Spain and the Netherlands show a bit of a slower growth. Within the top 5, Greece presents a mixed picture after an increase in revenue in 2012, followed by a decline in 2013, while the Belgian income showed a negative trend.
Outside the top five, more countries show a negative trend. Italy, France, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Austria, Denmark, the Czech Republic and Slovakia earned less every year between 2011 and 2013, while the other Member States show a mixed picture.